Abstract This paper presents a Multiple-features extraction and reduction-based approaches for Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT) on colored channels is used to decompose the image at multiple stages. The Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) concept is used to extract statistical characteristics for texture image classification. The definition of shared knowledge is used to classify the most common features for all COREL dataset groups. These are also fed into a feature selector based on the particle swarm optimization which reduces the number of features that can be used during the classification stage. Three classifiers, called the Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Decision Tree (DT), are trained and tested, in which SVM give high classification accuracy and precise rates. In several of the COREL dataset types, experimental findings have demonstrated above 94 percent precision and 0.80 to 0.90 precision values.

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[48] Zhang B., Gao Y., Zhao S., and Liu J., “Local Derivative Pattern Versus Local Binary Pattern: Face Recognition With High-Order Local Pattern Descriptor,” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 533-544, 2010. Meenakshi Garg received her M.Tech. from MDU, Rohtak. She is expert in image processing and optimization fields. She has published research papers in various reputed journals. Currently, she is working as an Assistant Professor in Govt. Bikram College of Commerce, Patiala. Manisha Malhotra received her Ph.D. from Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana. She is expert in image processing, deep learning, and optimization fields. She has published more than 20 research papers in various indexed journals. Currently, she is working as an Professor in Chandigarh University, Gharaun, Chandigarh. Harpal Singh received his Ph.D. from Punjabi University, Patiala. He is expert in image processing, deep learning, and optimization fields. He has published more than 10 research papers in various indexed journals. Currently, he is working as Professor in Chandigarh Engineering College, Landran, Chandigarh.