Abstract Establishing and maintaining link stability in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is one of the key challenging issues. Topology changes in MANET because overhead traffic that leads to consuming extra energy of nodes as well as decreasing the performance of routing protocols. Thus, a comprise approach should be considered during the design of a routing scheme in MANETs to deal with challenges incurred by the mobility of the nodes. In this study, a simple efficient routing scheme called Enhanced_AODV (E-AODV) is proposed, aiming to enhance Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol performance by constructing the most stable and reliable route from source to the destination node. In this routing scheme, the remaining lifetime of links and hop count are the metrics considered for calculating the Route Stability Factor (RSF) that can be utilized as a cost metric to establish the best route between source and destination node. The simulation results reveal that the proposed E-AODV routing scheme effectively outperforms the conventional AODV routing protocol and Stable and Bandwidth Aware Dynamic Routing Protocol (SBADR) in terms of packet delivery ratio, average network throughput, average end-to-end delay, and normalized routing overhead.

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[24] Xu L., Wang H., and Gulliver T., “Outage Probability Performance Analysis and Prediction for Mobile IoV Networks Based on ICS-BP Neural Network,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 3524-3533, 2021. Ako Abdullah is a lecturer with the department of computer science, from the University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. He received the B.S. degree (First-Class Hons) in Mathematics and Computer Science from the University of Sulaimani, in 2007. Following this achievement, he obtained a grant to pursue the M.S. degree in Computer Science from Glyndwr University, UK, in 2010. Later on, he won another grant to study for a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU), North Cyprus, in 2016. His research interests include computer networks, wireless networks, ad-hoc networks, routing protocols, and cryptography algorithms. Emre Ozen received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from Computer Engineering Department in Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU), North Cyprus, in 1997, 2000, and 2009, respectively. He is now an Assistant Professor at Information Technology, School of Computing and Technology in EMU. His main research interests include fast hardware-oriented algorithms and Mobile Ad-hoc Networks. Husnu Bayramoglu received his B.S., M.S. and PhD. degrees from Computer Engineering Department in Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU), North Cyprus, in 2003, 2005, and 2013, respectively. He is now an Assistant Professor at Information Technology, School of Computing and Technology. His main research interests include decoupled sliding-mode control (SMC), fourth order nonlinear functions, nonsingular terminal SMC, SMC Methods for Underactuated Nonlinear Systems, Fuzzy Systems and Mobile Ad-hoc Networks.