Abstract With the advancement in wireless communication technology, the ease of accessibility and increasing coverage area is a major challenge for service providers. Network densification through Small cell Base Stations (SBS) integration in Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) promises to improve network performance for cell edge users. Since providing wired backhaul for small cells is not cost effective or practical, the third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has developed architecture for self-backhaul known as Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) for Fifth Generation (5G). This allows for Main Base Station (MBS) resources to be shared between SBS and MBS users. However, fair and efficient division of MBS resources remains a problem to be addressed. We develop a novel transmit antenna selection/partitioning technique for taking advantage of IAB 5G standard for Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) HetNets. Transmit antenna resources are divided among access for MBS users and for providing wireless backhaul for SBS. We develop A Genetic Algorithm (GA) based Transmit Antenna Selection (TAS) scheme and compare with random selection, eigenvalue-based selection and bandwidth portioning. Our analysis show that GA based TAS has the ability to converge to an optimum antenna subset providing better rate coverage. Furthermore, we also signify the performance of TAS based partitioning over bandwidth partitioning and also show user association can also be controlled using number of antennas reserved for access or backhaul.

References

[1] Agiwal M., Roy A., and Saxena N., “Next Generation 5G Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Survey,” IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 1617- 1655, 2016.

[2] Aoudia I., Benharzallah S., Kahloul L., and Kazar O., “A Multi-Population Genetic Algorithm for Adaptive Qos-Aware Service Composition in Fog-Iot Healthcare Environment,” The International Arab Journal of Information Technology, vol. 18, no. 3A, pp. 464-475, 2021.

[3] Bohli A. and Bouallegue R., “How to Meet Increased Capacities by Future Green 5G Networks: A Survey,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 42220-422370, 2019.

[4] Cai J., Zhong R., and Li Y., “Antenna Selection for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks,” PLoS ONE, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 1-16, 2019.

[5] Celik N. and Iskander M., “Genetic-Algorithm- Based Antenna Array Design for A 60Hz Hybrid Smart Antenna System,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 7, pp. 795- 798, 2008.

[6] Chai R., Li Y., and Chen Q., “Joint Cache Partitioning, Content Placement and User Association for D2D Enabled Heterogeneous Cellular Networks,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 56642-56655, 2019.

[7] Fang W., Huang S., and Chen Y., “Genetic Algorithm-Assisted Joint Quantized Precoding and Transmit Antenna Selection in Multi-User Multi-Input Multi-Output Systems,” IET Communications, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 1220-1229, 2011.

[8] Gao Y., Vinck H., and Kaiser T., “Massive MIMO Antenna Selection: Switching Architectures, Capacity Bounds, and optimal Antenna Selection Algorithms,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 66, no. 5, pp. 1346-1360 2018.

[9] Ge X., Li X., Jin H., Cheng J., and Leung V., “Joint User Association and User Scheduling for Load Balancing in Heterogeneous Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 3211-3225, 2018.

[10] Gerasimenko M., Moltchanov D., Florea R., Andreev S., Koucheryavy Y., Himayat N., Yeh S., and Talwar S., “Cooperative Radio Resource Management in Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Networks,” IEEE Access, vol. 3, pp. 397-406, 2015.

[11] Han T., Li S., Zhong Y., Bai Z., and Kwak K., “5G Software Defined Heterogeneous Networks with Cooperation and Partial Connectivity,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 72577-72590, 2019.

[12] Hanif M., Yang H., Boudreau G., Sich E., and Seyedmehdi H., “Antenna Subset Selection for Massive MIMO Systems: A Trace-Based Sequential Approach for Sum Rate Maximization,” Journal of Communications and Networks, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 144-155, 2018.

[13] Hojjati S., Ebrahimzadeh A., Najimi M., and Reihanian A., “Spectrum Selection for Cooperative Sensor Sensing in Multiantenna Sensor Networks Based on Convex Optimization and Genetic Algorithm,” IEEE Sensor Journal, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 3486-3487, 2016.

[14] Huang X., Zhang D., Tang S., Chen Q., and Zhang J., “Fairness-Based Distributed Resource Allocation in Two Tiers Heterogeneous Networks,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 40000- 40012, 2019.

[15] Lain J., “Joint Transmit Antenna Selection for MIMO Systems: A Real-Valued Genetic Approach,” IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 58-60, 2011.

[16] Li C., Zhang J., Andrews J., and Letaief K., “Success Probability and Area Spectral Efficiency in Multiuser MIMO Hetnets,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 1544-1556, 2016. Transmit and Receive Antenna Selection Based Resource Allocation for ... 765

[17] Lu H. and Fang W., “Joint Receive Antenna Selection and Symbol Detection for MIMO Systems: A Heterogeneous Genetic Approach,” IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 97-99, 2009.

[18] Makki B., Ide A., Svensson T., Eriksson T., and Alouini M., “A Genetic Algorithm-Based Antenna Selection Approach for Large-But-Finite MIMO Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 66, no. 7, pp. 659- 6595, 2017.

[19] Marinello J., Abrão T., Amiri A., Carvalho E., and Popovski P., “Antenna Selection for Improving Energy Efficiency in XL-MIMO Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 11, pp. 13305-13318, 2020.

[20] Nguyen T., Ajib W., and Assi C., “Designing Wireless Backhaul Heterogeneous Networks with Small Cell Buffering,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 66, no. 10, pp. 4596- 4620, 2018.

[21] Papazafeiropoulos A., Kourtessis P., Renzo M., Senior J., and Chatzinotas S., “SDN Enabled MIMO Heterogeneous Cooperative Networks with Flexible Cell Association,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 2037-2050, 2019.

[22] Peng X., Li J., and Zhang H., “Energy Efficient Sbss Sleep Mode Analysis for Successive User Association and Resource Scheduling Algorithms in Two Tier Heterogeneous Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 1311-1318, 2019.

[23] Saha C. and Dhillon H., “Load Balancing in 5G HetNets with Millimeter Wave Integrated Access and Backhaul,” Cornell University ArXivJourn, 2019.

[24] Saha C., Afshang M., and Dhillon H., “Bandwidth Partitioning and Downlink Analysis in Millimeter Wave Integrated Access and Backhaul for 5G,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 8195-8210, 2018.

[25] Sastry K., Goldberg D., and Kendall G., “Genetic Algorithms,” Mathematics and Statistics Book Chapter 4, Springer, 2005.

[26] Sato Y., Campelo F., and Igarashi H., “Meander Line Antenna Design Using an Adaptive Genetic Algorithm,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1889-1892, 2013.

[27] Sharma A., Ganti R., and Milleth J., “Joint Backhaul-Access Analysis for Full Duplex Self- Backhauling Heterogeneous Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1727-1740, 2017.

[28] Song X., Dong L., Wang J., Qin L., and Han X., “Energy Efficient Power Allocation for Downlink NOMA Heterogeneous Networks with Imperfect CSI,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 39329-39340, 2019.

[29] Tang H. and Nie Z., “RMV Antenna Selection Algorithm for Massive MIMO,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 239-242, 2018.

[30] Wang D., Wang Y., Dong S., Huang G., Liu J., and Gao W., “Exploiting Dual Connectivity for Handover Management in Heterogeneous Aeronautical Networks,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 62938-62949, 2019.

[31] Wang X., Jia M., Guo Q., Ho I., and Wu J., “Joint Power Original Bandwidth, and Detected Hole Bandwidth Allocation for Multi-Homing Heterogeneous Networks Based on Cognitive Radio,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology., vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 2777-2790, 2019.

[32] Xia W., Zhang J., Jin S., Wen C., Gao F., and Zhu H., “Large System Analysis of Resource Allocation in Heterogeneous Networks with Wireless Backhaul,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 65, no. 11, pp. 5040- 5053, 2017.

[33] Xu W., Qiu R., and Jiang X., “Resource Allocation in Heterogeneous Cognitive Radio Network with Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 57488-57499, 2019.

[34] Zhong S., Feng H., Zhang P., Xu J., Luo H., Zhang J., Yuan T., and Huang L., “Deep Learning Based Antenna Selection for MIMO SDR Systems,” Sensors, vol. 20, no. 23, 2020.

[35] Zhou J., Zhang X., and Wang W., “Joint Resource Allocation and User Association for Heterogeneous Service in Multi-Access Edge Computing Networks,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 12272-12282, 2019. 766 The International Arab Journal of Information Technology, Vol. 18, No. 6, November 2021 Farah Akif received B. Sc. Electrical Engineering from UET Peshawar in 2006, M.Sc from UET Peshawar in 2010 and is currently pursuing Ph. D. from Islamic International University, Islamabad with major in communication. She has many IEEE International conference publications along with some International journal publications. She has over nine years of teaching experience at UET. Her major areas of interest include wireless communication, heterogeneous networks, wireless sensor networks and computer networks. Aqdas Malik received Ph.D. degree from MAJU, Pakistan, in 2006. He has over 15 years post Ph. D. experience in teaching and research at different institutions of good repute in Pakistan. More than three Ph. Ds have been produced under his supervision. He is currently the Vice President of Higher Studies & Research (HS&R). His research interests include digital/wireless communications, digital signal processing, information, and power electronics. Ijaz Qureshi received B. E. degree in avionic engineering from NED University Karachi, Pakistan, the M.S. degree from Department of Electrical Engineering METU, Ankara, Turkey in 1980. He did his Ph.D. from University of Toronto, Canada, in 1985. He has worked as professor at various universities of Pakistan including Quaid -e- Azam University (1987-2000), Muhammad Ali Jinnah University (2002-2007), International Islamic University (IIU) (2007-2009). Since 2009, he has been working as a professor and in charge graduate program with Department of Electrical Engineering, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan. He is also the director of Institute of Signals, systems and software computing (ISSS), Islamabad, Pakistan. He has around 300 publications in various fields of engineering. His research interests are digital communication, radar signal processing, image processing, soft computing and engineering computational mathematics. Most unfortunately, Dr. Qureshi passed away in January 2021. Ayesha Abbasi did her B. Sc. From Air University in 2008. She did masters in Electrical Engineering from National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad in 2013. She is a lecturer in Department of Electrical Engineering at International Islamic University (IIU), Islamabad. Her work mainly focuses on energy management systems in micro grids. She is currently enrolled in Ph. D. EE at IIU.