This paper proposes a parametric study of modified rectangular microstrip antenna in the frequency range between 1.4-2.65 GHz for wireless communication applications, incorporating with optimization methods Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Fruit Fly Optimization (FOA). To design an antenna using optimization methods a fitness function of required parameters is needed. The resonance frequency of Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPAs) depends on various parameters and a standard frequency function does not exist for MPAs. In this study, a rectangular patch antenna is designed for the required resonance frequency and modified with circular quarter slots. The frequency-shift with the change of design variables, which are the substrate thickness and the radius of the slots, is observed. The resonance frequency is obtained as a function of the design variables and it is used in the optimization process to minimize the difference between the target frequency and the calculated one. The original algorithms FOA and PSO have been adapted for its application to a modified rectangular patch antenna design problem: resonance frequency and design of antenna. The design parameter values obtained via optimization and the performances of the optimization methods are presented. The results showed that both PSO and FOA find the dimensions correctly. It is also observed that the sensitivity of the FOA increases with the fruit fly population and the convergence gets faster. The outcomes of this paper show that the PSO algorithm gives better results when compared to the FOA for the proposed antenna.

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[35] Verma R. and Srivastava D., “Optimization and Parametric Analysis of Slotted Microstrip Antenna Using Particle Swarm Optimization and Curve Fitting,” International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 1868- 1883, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.2957 Optimization and Comparative Analysis of Quarter-Circular Slotted Microstrip Patch ... 631 Esin Karpat was born in Bursa, Turkey. She received the B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electronics Engineering from the Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, in 1996, 2002, and 2009 respectively. From 2000 to 2013, she was a Research Assistant withthe Department of Electronics Engineering, EM Laboratory. She was with the EM and Microwave Laboratory, Texas Tech University as a research assistant in 2006. Since 2013, she has been an Assistant Professor with the Electronics Engineering Department, Bursa Uludag University. Dr. Karpat currently has been working as a researcher in a number of ongoing national and international projects of which many are related to electromagnetics, electronic design for experimental studies and software. Her research has been supported by the Council of Higher Education, and Technology of Turkey (CoHE), The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), the Bursa Uludag University (BUU), the Turkish Aircraft Industries Corporation. Her research interests include antenna design, wave propagation and microwave imaging. Fatih Imamoglu was born in Bursa, Turkey. He received the B.S. degree in Electronics Engineering from Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey, in 2009. He was with the MAKO Magnetti Marelli R and D between 2013-2015. In 2015, he was appointed Groupe Renault as an R and D Engineer. He received M.S. degree in Electronics Engineering from Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey, in 2019. He is currently pursuing his career in the Oyak-Renault R and D Department as an R and D Engineer.